Emotional eating in women with generalized anxiety disorder

Abstract Introduction Individuals diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) seek pleasurable foods to avoid their negative emotional experiences. Ineffective regulation of negative emotions may be a risk factor for emotional eating (EE), leading to suffering, dysfunctional behaviors, and weight gain. Objectives The aim of this study is to understand the relationship between emotional dysregulation and EE, investigating potential mediators such as the intensity of the worry, avoidance of internal experiences, mindfulness, and self-compassion in female patients with anxiety. Methods In this cross-sectional study, participants from a randomized clinical trial diagnosed with GAD answered the following instruments at baseline: the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R21), the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), the Action and Acceptance Questionnaire (AAQ), the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). We estimated Pearson correlation coefficients and performed mediation analyses. Results We evaluated 51 female individuals, 34 of whom completed all the questionnaires. Our data showed that EE was positively correlated with emotional dysregulation (r = 0.593; p < 0.001), worry trait (r = 0.402; p = 0.018), and avoidance of internal experiences (r = 0.565; p < 0.001), whereas it was negatively correlated with self-compassion (r = -0.590; p < 0.001) and mindful state (r = -0.383; p = 0.026). Moreover, we demonstrated that self-compassion mediates the relationship between emotional dysregulation and EE (ab product estimate = 0.043, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.003-0.084). Conclusion Our findings contribute to the literature by identifying psychological factors that could mediate the association between emotional dysregulation and EE, enabling identification of more effective eating behavior intervention targets for patients with GAD.

Validation and clinical application of the Metacognitions Questionnaire in a sample of Brazilian generalized anxiety disorder patients: the effects of different treatment interventions

Abstract Introduction Metacognitive beliefs about worry may trigger anxiety. However, the effect of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) treatment on metacognition has not yet been investigated. Objectives To validate the Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ-30) in a Brazilian GAD sample and verify whether different interventions reduce metacognitive beliefs. Method We recruited 180 GAD individuals and randomized them to Body in Mind Training (BMT), Fluoxetine (FLX), or an active control group (Quality of Life [QoL]) for 8 weeks. The MCQ-30 was assessed for internal consistency, was evaluated with confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses, and was tested for convergent validity with the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ). Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were employed to analyze differences after the interventions. Results The MCQ-30 demonstrated good internal consistency and acceptability; the original five-factor model was supported. There was a positive moderate correlation between MCQ-30 scores and worry. GEE showed a significant group x time interaction (p < 0.001). Both BMT (mean difference [MD] = -6.04, standard error [SE] = -2.39, p = 0.034) and FLX (MD = -5.78, SE = 1.91, p = 0.007) reduced MCQ-30 scores. FLX was superior to QoL, but not BMT, at weeks 5 and 8. There were no differences between BMT and QoL. Conclusion The Brazilian-Portuguese version of MCQ-30 showed good psychometric properties. Furthermore, the positive effect of FLX and BMT on metacognition suggests it may represent a potential therapeutic target.

Impulsivity influences food intake in women with generalized anxiety disorder

Objective: Eating behavior is affected by psychological and neurocognitive factors. However, little is known about this relationship in anxious patients. Our aim was to investigate the associations between impulsivity, inhibitory control, energy-dense food consumption, and body mass index (BMI) in women with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 51 adult females with GAD answered the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and participated in a go/no-go task using food images. Anthropometric measurements were evaluated. A food frequency questionnaire and a snack test were used to study eating behavior. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression were performed to analyze the variables of interest, adjusted by age. Results: Impulsivity predicted intake of sugar (p = 0.016, 95%CI 0.67-6.05), total fat (p = 0.007, 95%CI 0.62-3.71), and saturated fat (p = 0.004, 95%CI 0.30-1.48). The snack test showed a positive correlation between presence of impulsivity and intake of biscuits (R = 0.296; p = 0.051). Response inhibition to food images in the go/no-go task paradigm did not predict BMI or food intake. Conclusion: Impulsivity was predictive of higher sugar and saturated fat intake in women diagnosed with GAD. Our findings add to the literature regarding the association between neuropsychological factors and food consumption in this specific population.

Efeitos do uso de produtos clareadores de autoaplicação sobre a superfície de uma resina composta nanoparticulada / The effects of over-the-counter bleaching products on the surface of nanofilled composite

Objetivo: Avaliar a alteração da rugosidade superficial de uma resina composta nanoparticulada (Filtek Z350 XT ® ) após o uso de produtos clareadores de autoaplicação contento baixa concentração de peróxido de hidrogênio. Métodos: Para isto, foram confeccionados 30 corpos de prova deste material, divididos aleatoriamente em 3 grupos com 10 amostras cada, da seguinte forma: G1 (grupo controle) no qual as amostras não foram submetidas à ação de nenhum produto clareador; G2, realização de procedimento clareador com peróxido de hidrogênio a 10% (Crest 3D White Professional Effects Whitestrips ® ) em 2 aplicações de 30 minutos, por 10 dias consecutivos; e G3, tratamento com peróxido de hidrogênio a 7,7% (pincel Pretty Smile ® ) com o mesmo número de aplicações, tempo e dias do G2. Após este período cada corpo de prova foi analisado no rugosímetro Surftest SJ-301, para determinar a sua rugosidade superficial média. Estes dados foram então submetidos à análise estatística por meio da análise de variância (ANOVA) e teste de Tukey, nível de significância de 5% para comparações múltiplas. Resultados: Ao final do experimento, houve diferenças estatísticas significantes entre o grupo controle (G1) e os demais grupos (G2 e G3), com p < 0,05. Porém, quando analisados apenas os grupos submetidos ao clareamento com o peróxido de hidrogênio em diferentes concentrações (G2 e G3), não foi encontrada diferença significativa (p > 0,05). Conclusão: Após 10 dias, os produtos clareadores testados determinaram aumento significativo nos valores de rugosidade superficial média da resina composta nanoparticulada.

Aim: Tod evaluate the change in surface roughness of a nanoparticulate composite resin (Filtek Z350 XT ® ) after using over-the-counter bleaching products, containing a low concentration of hydrogen peroxide. Methods: For this, 30 specimens of this material were made, randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 samples each, as follows: G1 (control group) in which the samples were not subjected to the action of any bleaching product; G2, performing a bleaching procedure with 10% hydrogen peroxide (Crest 3D White Professional Effects Whitestrips ® ), in 2 applications of 30 minutes, for 10 consecutive days; and G3, treatment with 7.7% hydrogen peroxide (Pretty Smile ® ), with the same number of applications, time, and days as G2. After this period, each specimen was analyzed, using the Surftest SJ-301, to determine its average surface roughness. These data were then subjected to statistical analysis through analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's Test, with a significance level of 5% for multiple comparisons. Results: Statistically significant differences were found between the control group (G1) and the other groups (G2 and G3), with p < 0.05. However, when analyzing only the groups submitted to bleaching agents with hydrogen peroxide in different concentrations (G2 and G3), no significant difference was found (p > 0.05). Conclusions: After 10 days, the bleaching products tested in this study determined a significant increase in the average surface roughness values of the nanoparticulate composite resin.

Treinamento de habilidades sociais em adolescentes com transtorno de ansiedade social: uma revisão sistemática / Social skills training in adolescents with social anxiety disorder: a systematic review

O Transtorno de Ansiedade Social caracteriza-se por um medo persistente em situações de exposição ou interacção social. Para fins terapêuticos, faz-se importante desenvolver um repertório de habilidades sociais, favorecendo a diminuição dos sintomas. Este estudo tem por objetivo identificar os treinamentos de habilidades sociais em adolescentes com transtorno de ansiedade social, bem como seus resultados através de uma revisao sistemática de artigos. Foram incluídos artigos publicados entre 2006 e 2016 nas bases ScienceDirect, PubMed Central, SCOPUS, LILACS e PsycINFO. O relato e análise dos itens seguiram as recomendações PRISMA. Dos 236 artigos encontrados, cinco foram analisados, considerando as características da amostra, conteúdo da intervenção, resultados e limitações de cada artigo. Os estudos, em sua maioria, realizaram intervençoes baseadas no protocolo SET-C, as quais resultaram na melhora do Transtorno de Ansiedade Social de crianças e adolescentes. No entanto, nenhum dos estudos realizou uma análise específica das habilidades sociais pós tratamento. Salienta-se a necessidades de estudos brasileiros com a temática, bem como se sugere pesquisas direcionadas à investigação específica das contribuições do treinamento de habilidades sociais para o tratamento do Transtorno de Ansiedade Social.(AU)

The Social Anxiety Disorder is characterized by a persistent fear during exposition or social interaction situations. For therapeutic ends, it is important to develop a repertoire of social skills, favoring the symptoms decrease. This study aims to identify the social skills training in adolescents with social anxiety disorder, along with its results, through a systematic review of articles. There were included articles published between 2006 and 2016 in ScienceDirect, PubMed Central, SCOPUS, SciELO, LILACS and PsycINFO databases. The items report and analysis followed PRISMA recommendations. Of the 236 articles found, five were analyzed, considering the sample characteristics, intervention content, results and limitations of each article. The majority of the studies performed interventions based on the SET-C protocol, which resulted in the improvement of the Social Anxiety Disorder of children and adolescents. However, none of the studies performed a specific analysis of post treatment social skills. It is emphasized the need for Brazilian studies about the theme, as well as researches are suggested, directed to the specific investigation of the contributions of social skills training for the treatment of Social Anxiety Disorder.(AU)

El trastorno de ansiedad social se caracteriza por un miedo persistente en situaciones de exposición o interacción social Para fines terapéuticos, es importante desarrollar un repertorio de habilidades sociales, favoreciendo la reducción de los síntomas. Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar la capacitación de habilidades en adolescentes con trastorno de ansiedad social, así como sus resultados a través de una revisión sistemática de artículos. Artículos publicados entre 2006 y 2016 en ScienceDirect, PubMed Central, SCOPUS, LILACS y PsycINFO. Los informes y análisis de los ítems siguieron las recomendaciones de PRISMA. De los 236 artículos encontrados, cinco fueron analizados, considerando las características de la muestra, el contenido La intervención, resultados y limitaciones de cada artículo. La mayoría de los estudios realizaron intervenciones. basado en el protocolo SET-C, que resultó en la mejora del trastorno de ansiedad social en niños. y adolescentes Sin embargo, ninguno de los estudios realizó un análisis específico de las habilidades sociales posparto. tratamiento Hacemos hincapié en la necesidad de estudios brasileños sobre el tema, así como la investigación. dirigido a la investigación específica de la formación en habilidades sociales del trastorno de ansiedad social.(AU)

Construct validity and reliability of Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire ­ Brazilian version

Abstract The Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ) is among the few bullying assessment instruments with well-established psychometric properties in different countries. Nevertheless, the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version (Questionário de Bullying de Olweus - QBO) have not been determined. We aimed at verifying the construct validity and reliability of the bully and victim scales of the QBO. To achieve that goal, the victim and bully scales were assessed using polytomous item response theory (IRT). The best fit was obtained with a generalized partial credit model that is capable of measuring the specific discriminating power for each item in these scales. The QBO was administered to 703 public school students (mean age: 13 years; standard deviation = 1.58). Based on IRT analysis, the number of response categories in each item was reduced from four to three. Cronbach reliability scores were satisfactory: α = 0.85 (victim scale) and α = 0.87 (bully scale). In this study, hurtful comments, persecution, or threats had high power to discriminate victims and bullies. For both QBO scales, higher severity parameters were observed for direct bullying items. The results also show that the construct of both QBO scales measures the same construct proposed for the overall instrument. Thus, the QBO can be administered to different Brazilian populations to assess the main characteristics of bullying: repetition of behavior over time and intentionally acting to humiliate, threaten, or harm somebody. (AU)

Deformidades angulares e torsionais do desenvolvimento mais frequentos dos membros inferiores / Most frequent developmental deformities of the lower limbs

Este trabalho apresenta uma revisão geral das principais deformidades do desenvolvimento dos membros inferiores na criança e visa demonstrar os aspectos mais importantes na sua avaliação física, a fim de determinar o tratamento mais adequado